Between 1988 and 2017, 538,193 confirmed underground storage tank leaks were reported to the EPA, including those reported to states. It is important that cost-effective cleanup solutions be chosen, and that the technology be appropriate for the site and spill conditions. The list below includes alternatives to pump-and-treat remediation, which can be expensive yet ineffective in many geologic settings. For more in-depth information on cleanup technologies, see the EPA’s Remediation Technologies page on their Contaminated Site Clean-Up website.
Some examples of remediation technologies are listed below. The ones with links go to EPA’s remediation technology page on that topic:
- Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)
- Bioremediation
- Landfarming
- Bioslurry/Bioreactor Systems
- Thermal Treatment: In-Situ
- Thermal Treatment: Ex-Situ
- Air Sparging
- Biosparging
- Natural Attenuation
- In-Situ Groundwater Bioremediation
- Multi-Phase Extraction
- Soil Washing
- In-Situ Oxidation
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