Cleanup Technologies

Between 1988 and 2017, 538,193 confirmed underground storage tank leaks were reported to the EPA, including those reported to states. It is important that cost-effective cleanup solutions be chosen, and that the technology be appropriate for the site and spill conditions. The list below includes alternatives to pump-and-treat remediation, which can be expensive yet ineffective in many geologic settings. For more in-depth information on cleanup technologies, see the EPA’s Remediation Technologies page on their Contaminated Site Clean-Up website.

Some examples of remediation technologies are listed below. The ones with links go to EPA’s remediation technology page on that topic:  

• Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)                     

• Bioremediation

• Landfarming

• Bioslurry/Bioreactor Systems

• Thermal Treatment: In-Situ

• Thermal Treatment: Ex-Situ

• Air Sparging

• Biosparging

• Natural Attenuation

• In-Situ Groundwater Bioremediation

• Multi-Phase Extraction

• Soil Washing

• In-Situ Oxidation

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